パブリック・ロー 105-298

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• パブリック・ロー (Public Law) 105-298は、第105回アメリカ合衆国議会第2会期において1998年10月27日に制定された。法案番号は上院においてはS.505、その後の下院審議ではH.R.2589。会期別法令集第112巻2827頁に所収。
• 翻訳に際しては、社団法人著作権情報センターによる米国著作権法の訳を参考にした。
• このページは制定当時の条文の和訳である。その後行われた改正については、このページのリンク元（英語）を参照。

第105回アメリカ合衆国議会
第2会期

著作権の存続期間に関して合衆国法典第17編の条項を改正するため，およびその他の目的の
法律

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アメリカ合衆国上院および下院は，召集された議会においてこの法律を制定する，

第1編―著作権保護期間の延長

第101条．略称．

本編は「ソニー・ボノ著作権保護期間延長法」として参照することができる．

第102条．著作権の存続期間．

(a) 他の法律に対する優先的適用．―

合衆国法典第17編の第301条(c)を，「2047年2月15日」を全箇所削って「2067年2月15日」を挿入することにより改正する．

(b) 著作権の存続期間：1978年1月1日以後に創作された著作物．―

合衆国法典第17編の第302条を次のように改正する―

(1) 第(a)項において「50」を削って「70」を挿入し；

(2) 第(b)項において「50」を削って「70」を挿入し；

(3) 第(c)項の第1文において―

(A) 「75」を削って「95」を挿入し；および

(B) 「100」を削って「120」を挿入し；ならびに

(4) 第(e)項の第1文において―

(A) 「75」を削って「95」を挿入し；

(B) 「100」を削って「120」を挿入し；および

(C) 「50」を全箇所削って「70」を挿入する．

(c) 著作権の存続期間：1978年1月1日より前に創作されたが発行も著作権の取得もなされなかった著作物．―

合衆国法典第17編の第303条を，「2027年12月31日」を削って「2047年12月31日」を挿入することにより改正する．

(d) 著作権の存続期間：既存の著作権．―

(1) 全般．―

合衆国法典第17編の第304条を次のように改正する―

(A) 第(a)項において―

(i) 第(1)節において―

(I) 第(B)号において「47」を削って「67」を挿入し；および

(II) 第(C)号において「47」を削って「67」を挿入し；

(ii) 第(2)節において―

(I) 第(A)号において「47」を削って「67」を挿入し；および

(II) 第(B)号において「47」を削って「67」を挿入し；ならびに

(iii) 第(3)節において―

(I) 第(A)号(i)において「47」を削って「67」を挿入し；および

(II) 第(B)号において「47」を削って「67」を挿入し；

(B) 第(b)項を次のように読み替えるように改正し：

``(b) Copyrights in Their Renewal Term at the Time of the Effective Date of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.—Any copyright still in its renewal term at the time that the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act becomes effective shall have a copyright term of 95 years from the date copyright was originally secured.´´;

(C) 第(c)項(4)(A)の第1文において，「または第(d)項に基づく終了の場合には第(d)項(2)に定める5年間」を「本項第(3)節に定める5年間」の後に挿入し；ならびに

(D) 以下の新たな項を加える：

``(d) Termination Rights Provided in Subsection (c) Which Have Expired on or Before the Effective Date of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.—In the case of any copyright other than a work made for hire, subsisting in its renewal term on the effective date of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act for which the termination right provided in subsection (c) has expired by such date, where the author or owner of the termination right has not previously exercised such termination right, the exclusive or nonexclusive grant of a transfer or license of the renewal copyright or any right under it, executed before January 1, 1978, by any of the persons designated in subsection (a)(1)(C) of this section, other than by will, is subject to termination under the following conditions:

``(1) The conditions specified in subsections (c) (1), (2), (4), (5), and (6) of this section apply to terminations of the last 20 years of copyright term as provided by the amendments made by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.

``(2) Termination of the grant may be effected at any time during a period of 5 years beginning at the end of 75 years from the date copyright was originally secured.´´.

(2) 1992年著作権改正法．―

1992年著作権改正法（Public Law 102-307; 会期別法令集第106号266頁; 合衆国法典第17編第304条）の第102条を次のように改正する―

(A) 第(c)項において―

(i) 「47」を削って「67」を挿入し；

(ii) 「（本条第(a)項により修正されたもの）」を削り；および

(iii) 「本条の施行日」を全箇所削り，「ソニー・ボノ著作権保護期間延長法の施行日」を挿入し；ならびに

(B) 第(g)項(2)の第2文において，終止符の前に以下を加える：「ただし，かかる条項の47年と述べられている各箇所は67年と見なさなければならない」．

第103条．延長更新期間にわたる移転および使用許諾の終了．

合衆国法典第17編の第203条(a)(2)および第304条(c)(2)をそれぞれ次のように改正する―

(1) 「寡婦もしくは寡夫または子もしくは孫によって」を削り；および

(2) 第(C)号の後に以下を挿入する：

``(D) In the event that the author’s widow or widower, children, and grandchildren are not living, the author’s executor, administrator, personal representative, or trustee shall own the author’s entire termination interest.´´.

第104条．図書館および文書資料館による複製．

合衆国法典第17編の第108条を次のように改正する―

(1) 第(h)項を第(i)項として再割り当てをし；および

(2) 第(g)項の後に以下を加える：

``(h)(1) For purposes of this section, during the last 20 years of any term of copyright of a published work, a library or archives, including a nonprofit educational institution that functions as such, may reproduce, distribute, display, or perform in facsimile or digital form a copy or phonorecord of such work, or portions thereof, for purposes of preservation, scholarship, or research, if such library or archives has first determined, on the basis of a reasonable investigation, that none of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (2) apply.

``(2) No reproduction, distribution, display, or performance is authorized under this subsection if—

``(A) the work is subject to normal commercial exploitation;

``(B) a copy or phonorecord of the work can be obtained at a reasonable price; or

``(C) the copyright owner or its agent provides notice pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Register of Copyrights that either of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (A) and (B) applies.

``(3) The exemption provided in this subsection does not apply to any subsequent uses by users other than such library or archives.´´.

第105条．使用料の配分に関する自発的交渉

議会の意見としては，著作権保護期間が本編による改正によって延長される視聴覚著作物の著作権者ならびにその視聴覚著作物の脚本家，監督および実演家は，その視聴覚著作物を利用する当事者間で報酬を分配するための基金またはその他の仕組みの確立に関する自発的合意に達するために，誠実に交渉をすべきである．

第106条．施行日．

本編およびそれによる修正はこの法律の制定日に施行しなければならない．

第2編―食品サービスまたは飲酒店に対する音楽ライセンス免除

第201条．略称．

本編は「1998年音楽ライセンスの構成に関する法律」として引用することができる．

第202条．免除．

(a) 特定の施設に対する免除．

合衆国法典第17編の第110条を次のように改正する―

(1) 第(5)節において

(A) 「(5)」を削って「(5)(A) 第(B)号に定める場合を除き，」を挿入し；および

(B) 以下を末尾に加える：

``(B) communication by an establishment of a transmission or retransmission embodying a performance or display of a nondramatic musical work intended to be received by the general public, originated by a radio or television broadcast station licensed as such by the Federal Communications Commission, or, if an audiovisual transmission, by a cable system or satellite carrier, if—

``(i) in the case of an establishment other than a food service or drinking establishment, either the establishment in which the communication occurs has less than 2,000 gross square feet of space (excluding space used for customer parking and for no other purpose), or the establishment in which the communication occurs has 2,000 or more gross square feet of space (excluding space used for customer parking and for no other purpose) and—

``(I) if the performance is by audio means only, the performance is communicated by means of a total of not more than 6 loudspeakers, of which not more than 4 loudspeakers are located in any 1 room or adjoining outdoor space; or

``(II) if the performance or display is by audiovisual means, any visual portion of the performance or display is communicated by means of a total of not more than 4 audiovisual devices, of which not more than 1 audiovisual device is located in any 1 room, and no such audiovisual device has a diagonal screen size greater than 55 inches, and any audio portion of the performance or display is communicated by means of a total of not more than 6 loudspeakers, of which not more than 4 loudspeakers are located in any 1 room or adjoining outdoor space;

``(ii) in the case of a food service or drinking establishment, either the establishment in which the communication occurs has less than 3,750 gross square feet of space (excluding space used for customer parking and for no other purpose), or the establishment in which the communication occurs has 3,750 gross square feet of space or more (excluding space used for customer parking and for no other purpose) and—

``(I) if the performance is by audio means only, the performance is communicated by means of a total of not more than 6 loudspeakers, of which not more than 4 loudspeakers are located in any 1 room or adjoining outdoor space; or

``(II) if the performance or display is by audiovisual means, any visual portion of the performance or display is communicated by means of a total of not more than 4 audiovisual devices, of which not more than one audiovisual device is located in any 1 room, and no such audiovisual device has a diagonal screen size greater than 55 inches, and any audio portion of the performance or display is communicated by means of a total of not more than 6 loudspeakers, of which not more than 4 loudspeakers are located in any 1 room or adjoining outdoor space;

``(iii) no direct charge is made to see or hear the transmission or retransmission;

``(iv) the transmission or retransmission is not further transmitted beyond the establishment where it is received; and

``(v) the transmission or retransmission is licensed by the copyright owner of the work so publicly performed or displayed;´´; and

(2) 第(10)節の後に以下を加える：

``The exemptions provided under paragraph (5) shall not be taken into account in any administrative, judicial, or other governmental proceeding to set or adjust the royalties payable to copyright owners for the public performance or display of their works. Royalties payable to copyright owners for any public performance or display of their works other than such performances or displays as are exempted under paragraph (5) shall not be diminished in any respect as a result of such exemption.´´.

(b) 販売促進に関連する除外．―

合衆国法典第17編の第110条(7)を，「当該著作物のコピーもしくはレコード」の直後に「またはかかる実演に使用された視聴覚その他の装置」を加えることにより改正する．

第203条．実演権団体による使用許諾．

(a) 全般．―

合衆国法典第17編の第5章の末尾に以下を加えることにより改正する：

``第512条．個人経営者に関する相当な使用料の決定

``In the case of any performing rights society subject to a consent decree which provides for the determination of reasonable license rates or fees to be charged by the performing rights society, notwithstanding the provisions of that consent decree, an individual proprietor who owns or operates fewer than 7 non-publicly traded establishments in which nondramatic musical works are performed publicly and who claims that any license agreement offered by that performing rights society is unreasonable in its license rate or fee as to that individual proprietor, shall be entitled to determination of a reasonable license rate or fee as follows:

``(1) The individual proprietor may commence such proceeding for determination of a reasonable license rate or fee by filing an application in the applicable district court under paragraph (2) that a rate disagreement exists and by serving a copy of the application on the performing rights society. Such proceeding shall commence in the applicable district court within 90 days after the service of such copy, except that such 90-day requirement shall be subject to the administrative requirements of the court.

``(2) The proceeding under paragraph (1) shall be held, at the individual proprietor’s election, in the judicial district of the district court with jurisdiction over the applicable consent decree or in that place of holding court of a district court that is the seat of the Federal circuit (other than the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit) in which the proprietor’s establishment is located.

``(3) Such proceeding shall be held before the judge of the court with jurisdiction over the consent decree governing the performing rights society. At the discretion of the court, the proceeding shall be held before a special master or magistrate judge appointed by such judge. Should that consent decree provide for the appointment of an advisor or advisors to the court for any purpose, any such advisor shall be the special master so named by the court.

``(4) In any such proceeding, the industry rate shall be presumed to have been reasonable at the time it was agreed to or determined by the court. Such presumption shall in no way affect a determination of whether the rate is being correctly applied to the individual proprietor.

``(5) Pending the completion of such proceeding, the individual proprietor shall have the right to perform publicly the copyrighted musical compositions in the repertoire of the performing rights society by paying an interim license rate or fee into an interest bearing escrow account with the clerk of the court, subject to retroactive adjustment when a final rate or fee has been determined, in an amount equal to the industry rate, or, in the absence of an industry rate, the amount of the most recent license rate or fee agreed to by the parties.

``(6) Any decision rendered in such proceeding by a special master or magistrate judge named under paragraph (3) shall be reviewed by the judge of the court with jurisdiction over the consent decree governing the performing rights society. Such proceeding, including such review, shall be concluded within 6 months after its commencement.

``(7) Any such final determination shall be binding only as to the individual proprietor commencing the proceeding, and shall not be applicable to any other proprietor or any other performing rights society, and the performing rights society shall be relieved of any obligation of nondiscrimination among similarly situated music users that may be imposed by the consent decree governing its operations.

``(8) An individual proprietor may not bring more than one proceeding provided for in this section for the determination of a reasonable license rate or fee under any license agreement with respect to any one performing rights society.

``(9) For purposes of this section, the term ‘industry rate’ means the license fee a performing rights society has agreed to with, or which has been determined by the court for, a significant segment of the music user industry to which the individual proprietor belongs.´´.

(b) 技術的および適合面の修正．―

合衆国法典第17編の第5章に対する目次を，第511条に関連する項目の後に以下を加えることにより改正する：

``第512条．個人経営者に関する相当な使用料の決定．´´.

第204条．罰則．

合衆国法典第17編の第504条を，末尾に以下を加えることにより改正する：

``(d) Additional Damages in Certain Cases.—In any case in which the court finds that a defendant proprietor of an establishment who claims as a defense that its activities were exempt under section 110(5) did not have reasonable grounds to believe that its use of a copyrighted work was exempt under such section, the plaintiff shall be entitled to, in addition to any award of damages under this section, an additional award of two times the amount of the license fee that the proprietor of the establishment concerned should have paid the plaintiff for such use during the preceding period of up to 3 years.´´.

第205条．定義．

合衆国法典第17編の第110条を次のように改正する―

(1) 「展示する」の定義の直後に以下を挿入し：

``An ‘establishment’ is a store, shop, or any similar place of business open to the general public for the primary purpose of selling goods or services in which the majority of the gross square feet of space that is nonresidential is used for that purpose, and in which nondramatic musical works are performed publicly.

``A ‘food service or drinking establishment’ is a restaurant, inn, bar, tavern, or any other similar place of business in which the public or patrons assemble for the primary purpose of being served food or drink, in which the majority of the gross square feet of space that is nonresidential is used for that purpose, and in which nondramatic musical works are performed publicly.´´;

(2) 「固定」の定義の直後に以下を挿入し：

``The ‘gross square feet of space’ of an establishment means the entire interior space of that establishment, and any adjoining outdoor space used to serve patrons, whether on a seasonal basis or otherwise.´´;

(3) 「実演する」の定義の直後に以下を挿入し：

``A ‘performing rights society’ is an association, corporation, or other entity that licenses the public performance of nondramatic musical works on behalf of copyright owners of such works, such as the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and SESAC, Inc.´´; and

(4) 「絵画，図形および彫刻の著作物」の定義の直後に以下を挿入する：

``A ‘proprietor’ is an individual, corporation, partnership, or other entity, as the case may be, that owns an establishment or a food service or drinking establishment, except that no owner or operator of a radio or television station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission, cable system or satellite carrier, cable or satellite carrier service or programmer, provider of online services or network access or the operator of facilities therefor, telecommunications company, or any other such audio or audiovisual service or programmer now known or as may be developed in the future, commercial subscription music service, or owner or operator of any other transmission service, shall under any circumstances be deemed to be a proprietor.´´.

第206条．本編の構成．

州または地方の制定法，条例，もしくは法令，または同意判決もしくはその他裁判所による命令が，本法制定日に施行され，当該日後に改正され，または当該日後に発行もしくは合意されたとき，本編のいかなる条項も本編で言及がない限り，かかる制定法，条例，判決，または命令下の義務を実演権団体から免除するものとして解釈してはならない．

第207条．施行日．

本編およびそれによる改正はこの法律の制定日の90日後に施行しなければならない．

1998年（平成10年）10月27日大統領承認

制定史

• S.505, (H.R.2589):

• 下院報告 (HOUSE REPORTS):
  • No. 105-452、H.R. 2589関連（司法委員会）
• 連邦議会議事録 (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD) 1998年第144巻:
  • 10月7日上院および下院にて審議および通過

この文書は翻訳文であり、原文から独立した著作物としての地位を有します。翻訳文のためのライセンスは、この版のみに適用されます。
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